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For years, it's been evident that smaller airlines have had an operating advantage, particularly when they use less expensive airports. They've been able to post better numbers as a result, and in the current travel slump, they've outperformed the larger carriers. Well, they've also picked up a considerable amount of market share.

According to a report by USA Today, low cost carriers now have 30% of the market in the United States. Price-sensitive consumers are turning to cheaper alternatives, even if it means (for fliers with elite status) giving up the perks they've earned through years of customer loyalty.

The US Airways (NYSE: LCC) ticker symbol says it all: LCC = Low Cost Carrier. With its latest announcement, the airline may want to change it to LEC -- Low Expense Carrier. In an attempt to keep pace with the plunging travel market, US Airways is cutting 1,000 jobs next year, shoving almost all its flying to its three hubs (Philadelphia, Phoenix and Charlotte) and Washington. Several international routes are being cut.

The airline reports that routes from its hubs have been profitable. Currently, US Airways pushes 93% of its flights through these airports, a rate it seeks to push up to 99% in 2010.

August brought more misery to the airline industry in the United States. Seven of the country's nine largest carriers saw traffic drop, with only Southwest Airlines (NYSE: LUV) and JetBlue Airways Corp (NASDAQ: JBLU) bucking the trend. The continued upward climb of unemployment, tighter corporate budgets and sluggish demand for leisure travel has resulted in fewer passengers in seats.

JetBue was the only carrier not to report a drop in available seat miles (ASMs), the primary measure of airline productivity. Load factors, however, which indicate how full a plane is, tended to be higher, largely a result of flights that have been cut in an effort to reduce costs.

What are auction rate securities? How did these securities cause billions in losses to investors and businesses?

Auction rate security, according to Wikipedia, "refers to a debt instrument (corporate or municipal bonds) with a long term maturity for which the interest rate is regularly reset at a dutch auction."

Throughout the 1990s and up to 2008, bank loans became more expensive. As a result, ARSs became increasingly attractive. They were lower in cost and flexible for variable rate debt. Auctions were typically held every 7, 28 or 35 days.

So what happened to cause such big losses?

US Airways (NYSE: LCC) is trimming 600 ground jobs and closing other services in an effort to cut costs. The airline had hoped not to cut this many positions, anticipating that resignations and departures would do the hard work for it. But employee attrition fell sharply from last year – probably because this isn't exactly the best market for job hunting. Unfortunately, the same reasons that cause employees to stay force US Airways to cut them loose.

At nine airports, US Airways is moving to outside contractors for ramp work. The Las Vegas US Airways Club will close and its staff cut. Also, the walk-up ticket counter at the airline's Tempe, AZ headquarters is on the chopping block.

JetBlue Airways Corp. (NASDAQ: JBLU) is looking to sell 20 million shares of common stock and $150 million in convertible debt. Miserable conditions for the airline industry have led the low-cost carrier to turn to financial markets for the infusion that operations can't seem to deliver.

The debt, which is convertible into common stock, will be sold in two $75 million series. And the 20 million common shares would raise another $101 million (at yesterday's closing price of $5.03). If there's enough demand for the debt and equity securities, JetBlue may sell another 3 million shares of common stock and another $11.25 million in debt.

JetBlue isn't alone in raising capital. US Airways Group Inc. (NYSE: LCC) is planning to ask its shareholders to approve a measure that would double the amount of common shares it could issue to 400 million. The answer will come at the company's annual meeting on June 10, 2009.

What more could go wrong for airlines, right? The swine flu outbreak has reminded some investors of the SARS epidemic in Asia, and it has taken its toll on airlines. With the Mexican government closing schools and stores because of a public health emergency, we await a worldwide reaction. With fears of human-to-human transmission of the disease, no doubt we are going to see airlines suffer again.

Swine flu cases have reached as far as New Zealand, and cases were found in Spain, America and Canada, In the country of origin, Mexico, there have also been deaths, making this a worldwide outbreak. These concerns resulted in battered airline stocks in foreign trading. In Chinese trading, Air France KLM, Deutsche Lufthansa, British Airways, and Iberiea were all more than 7% lower. Cathay Pacific and Air China were both sharply lower as well.

Analyst upgrades:

• Merriman upgraded Dendreon (NASDAQ: DNDN) to Buy from Neutral on expectations shares will react positively to the full IMPACT data release on April 28. The firm thinks Provenge could represent the first cancer immunotherapy approved in the U.S. and raised its valuation range on the stock to $33-$34 from $18-$19.
• Piper Jaffray upgraded Andersons (NASDAQ: ANDE) as it believes the valuation is attractive, investor expectations are low, and the company's fertilizer and rail segments could recovery in FY10. The firm has a $19 target on shares. Goldman upgraded the auto sector to Neutral from Cautious and added Ford (NYSE: F) to its Conviction Buy list. The analyst does not believe Ford will have to declare bankruptcy and sees the company benefiting from Chrysler share declines and GM's (NYSE: GM) reduced product offerings. Ford's price target is $6
• Banc of America/Merrill upgraded U.S. Airways (NYSE: LCC) to Buy from Underperform.
• Broadcom (NASDAQ: BRCM) was upgraded to Equal Weight from Underweight at Morgan Stanley.
• Caterpillar (NYSE: CAT) was raised to Overweight from Neutral at JP Morgan.

What's this? A major U.S. airline eliminating a fee?

Hey, it isn't much, but American travelers will take it. And, equally significant, it's another positive data point, albeit a minor one, for the airline sector.

U.S. Airways said it would end its onboard fee for soda, coffee, and bottled water effective March 1, the company announced Monday.

A nice little story came out a couple of weeks ago but hasn't gotten much press, what with stimulus packages and "bad banks" and Jessica Simpson's alleged weight gain. Richard Branson, eccentric billionaire and founder of Virgin Atlantic Airways, is reaching out to Captain Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger, the pilot of US Airways Group (NYSE: LCC) Flight 1549, in hopes of putting the hero on the Virgin payroll.

Branson told a New York Daily News reporter, "We'll make him the best-paid pilot at Virgin -- we'll give him double [the salary of] anybody else. He also can become one of the astronauts in my intergalactic spaceship company. The man can write his own ticket with me ..." In response, a flattered "Sully" said he is weighing his options, which recently included a cover shot on People magazine.

In the News:
Here Come the Tax Cuts
The new Congress will hit the ground running on tax cuts. House taxwriters have already approved a big package to help jump-start the economy and get extra money into taxpayers' wallets, and the Senate will follow soon, with the goal of getting a bill to President Obama's desk by mid-February. Here are the tax breaks individuals can expect if the bill passes.
http://money.cnn.com/2009/01/26/news/economy/stimulus_101/index.htm?postversion=2009012617

As viewers across the nation watched the remarkable events surrounding U.S. Airways Flight 1549 Thursday -- one in which the experience, skills, and calm of the pilot and crew saved many lives, it occurred to a colleague that the moment was a summary of the nation in these historic times, in a snapshot.

"Between that super pilot and Bernard Madoff we had a picture of the best of America and the worst of America, all within a few blocks of each other," said Stock Analyst C. Leonard Bauer, also a frequent flier whose logged hundreds of commercial flights.

Madoff, for those who are unaware, was arrested in New York on one count of securities fraud on December 11, 2008 for allegedly running a massive Ponzi scheme while managing $50 billion. If he's proven guilty, it will be safe to say Madoff didn't use his talent constructively.

Hudson Hero, American Hero

But US Airways Captain Chesley B. 'Sully' Sullenberger III did. In a case study federal/state aviation officials and analysts will probably highlight for years if not decades, Sullenberger, 57, masterfully guided the 155-person airplane he was flying to a safe landing on the Hudson River bordering Manhattan when the plane lost thrust in both of its engines after birds (possibly a flock of geese) hit the plane shortly after takeoff, apparently clogging the engines. All 155 people (150 passengers, 5 crew members) on board Flight 1549 survived. It's safe to say Sullenberger used his talent constructively.

Bank of America (NYSE: BAC) is getting $20 billion from the government to help it with its purchase of Merrill Lynch. Also, the government will protect an asset pool worth $118 billion. This morning, Bank of America also reported quarterly results, posting a net loss of $1.8 billion for the fourth quarter. For all of 2008, the bank managed to somehow post a profit of $4 billion, which is much less than its $15 billion net income from 2007. Bank of America blamed "escalating credit losses" as well as writedowns and trading losses in capital markets. The bank also reported that Merrill Lynch, which it acquired on Jan. 1 -- after the fourth quarter ended, lost more than $15 billion in the fourth quarter. BAC shares were nearly 5% higher in premarket trading after dropping over 18% Thursday.

Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C) meanwhile will be guaranteed on $301 billion of assets. Citigroup also reported fourth-quarter results this morning, posting a net loss of about $8.3 billion, or $1.72 per share. Not surprising, it also blamed write-downs and losses in securities and banking, as well as "higher credit losses." For the full year 2008, Citigroup reported a net loss of about $18.7 billion, or $3.88 per share. Finally, Citigroup announced it was splitting into two parts: Citigroup, to handle traditional banking, and Citi Holdings, to manage the riskier assets including brokerage and retail asset management, local consumer finance and a special asset pool. Citi shares were almost 5% higher in premarket trading after dropping over 15% Thursday.

Intel Corp. (NADSAQ: INTC) reported Thursday after the close a 90% drop in fourth-quarter earnings $234 million, or 4 cents per share, compared with $2.3 billion, or 38 cents per share, in the year-ago period. Sales slumped 23%, in line with Intel's previous guidance. Still, the results were inline with Wall Street's reduced expectations. This was enough to have the stock trade 3% higher in premarket action.

US Airways (NYSE: LCC) is recently up 59 cents to $7.98. LCC Airbus A320 plane went down in the Hudson River off of 50th Street in NYC. WTI Crude futures are recently down 6.33% to $34.92 according to Bloomberg. LCC call option volume of 5,703 contracts compares to put volume of 2,905 contracts. LCC February option implied volatility of 131 is below its 26-week average of 142 according to Track Data, suggesting decreasing price movement.

Option Update is provided by Stock Specialist Paul Foster of theflyonthewall.com.

US Airways flight number 1549 from Laguardia to Charlotte went down around 3:30 p.m., crashing in the Hudson River near 57th Street in New York City. The plane is floating and rescuers are on the scene; it looks as if most of the 148 passengers and crew are being rescued via life rafts. On the news, US Airways (NYSE: LCC) stock was (surprisingly) up 16 cents to $7.55.

Updates: According to an FAA spokesperson, the plane may have been hit by birds. And reports are that everyone survived the crash (which was in shallow water); passengers didn't even get wet.